Health Staff Perceptions of Hate Violence in Spain.

The aim of this study of Spanish health personnel is to determine their level of knowledge about hate violence and their relevance in detecting victims of hate violence and clarifying the magnitude of the phenomenon. An exploratory study with a descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional design was conducted, with incidental non-probabilistic sampling and an ad hoc questionnaire to health professionals in three Autonomous Communities of Spain. Our results indicate a general lack of knowledge about hate violence by health staff who acknowledged that they do not have specific training for hate violence victims' care, although most staff had attended to some cases of hate violence in the last year. No significant differences were found among healthcare services, professionals, training, or Autonomous Communities, which indicated a generalized lack of training and specific tools that was common in the different health services and in different Autonomous Communities in Spain. The health services that reported most cases of hate violence ex officio were those in which the professionals had more training and knowledge and in which there were specific protocols on hate violence. In conclusion, the health system constitutes "the gateway" to the care, promotion, and prevention of hate violence victims. However, political actions are necessary to avoid the lack of knowledge and lack of training and professional tools that are widespread among healthcare staff. Therefore, the training of professionals and the establishment of specific protocols for action against hate violence would improve the care and long-term monitoring of victims, and the implementation of an epidemiological registry and surveillance system of hate violence would improve the care and prevention of hate violence in Spain.

Apoyo social y autopercepción en los roles del acoso escolar / Social support and self-perception in bullying roles

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y otras dimensiones relacionales, como la afiliación escolar y la autopercepción social, con la implicación en los distintos roles del acoso escolar y si estas variables podrían discriminar entre los distintos grupos de participantes, lo que pudiera ser relevante para la prevención e intervención sobre el acoso. En el debate sobre si el apoyo social y la reputación son factores de riesgo o protección, nuestros resultados en conjunto indican que la participación en el acoso altera los niveles de apoyo social percibido en las dimensiones escolar, familiar y de los iguales. Se discuten los resultados y la necesidad de mayor investigación para profundizar en el conocimiento sobre el funcionamiento y la dirección de las relaciones del apoyo social y el acoso escolar

The aim of this study is to analyse how social support and other relational dimensions, such as affiliation and social self-perception, are associated with involvement in different roles in school bullying. In addition, it seeks to determine whether these dimensions are able to discriminate between the different groups involved. The findings are expected to be useful for bullying intervention and prevention programmes. As regards the debate about whether social support and reputation are risk or protective factors, our findings suggest that participation in bullying affects perceived levels of social support in the domains of school, family and peers. The results are discussed and we finally highlight the need for further research to enhance knowledge of the functioning and direction of the relations between social support and bullying in schools

Estudio retrospectivo sobre los efectos de la victimización por acoso escolar sobre el bienestar psicológico a medio plazo / Retropective approach to school bullying victimization effects on psychological well-being in the half term

Este estudio explora, a través de metodología retrospectiva, las consecuencias de la victimización por acoso escolar sufrida durante la educación secundaria en el bienestar psicológico actual de una muestra incidental de 161 universitarios de Talavera de la Reina. La información se recogió mediante autoinforme aplicado en grupo que incluía los diversos instrumentos seleccionados para mediar las variables a estudio: victimización, autoconcepto, apoyo social y estrés percibidos. Los resultados muestran que las características del acoso, tal y como es recordado por los universitarios, se corresponden con las halladas en diferentes estudios epidemiológicos realizados en España en ese periodo. Además, quienes sufrieron maltrato de forma más frecuente, muestran en la actualidad niveles significativamente menores de apoyo social y autoconcepto escolar, aunque no revelan mayores niveles de estrés percibido (AU)

The present study was conducted to explore the relationship between victimization during secondary school and aspects of current psychosocial functioning in university students. One hundred and sixty-one university students form Talavera de la Reina answered a self report questionnaire on retrospective bullying experiences and psychosocial functioning (self-concept, social support and perceived stress) during their school time. Results show that their recall of bullying experiences is consistent with other epidemiological data gathered in Spain. In addition, those who suffered more frequently form bullying scored lower on self-concept and social support, but not higher on perceived stress (AU)